Learn Mandarin in Hong Kong – The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II

The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.

Learn Mandarin in Hong Kong – The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II

American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.

第三帝國的建立開始在德國和美國之間的戰爭最終的事件鏈的影響在美國歷史上的事件。破壞民主，對猶太人的迫害，宗教戰爭，納粹的殘酷和野蠻的競爭，尤其是德國和她的盟友，意大利和日本的計劃，征服世界，在該國引起極大憤慨，並帶來了另一次世界大戰的恐懼。雖然發言反對希特勒的暴行，美國人民的普遍青睞孤立主義政策和中立性。中性1935年和1936年禁止任何交戰國或貸款給他們的貿易行為。在1937年總統有權宣布在國與國之間的戰爭，他的自由裁量權的武器禁運。
美國輿論開始後，羅斯福總統的“檢疫侵略者”的講話（1937年）在芝加哥，他嚴厲批評希特勒的政策有所改變。德國奪取奧地利和捷克斯洛伐克（1938年）的分區的慕尼黑協定，也引起了美國人民。捷克斯洛伐克在1939年3月征服了另一個猛然醒悟到第三帝國的威脅。在1939年8月來到納粹 – 蘇聯條約的衝擊，並在九月的攻擊波蘭和歐洲戰爭的爆發。美國試圖擺著對第三帝國的民主國家的同情，但要保持中立。中立法案，廢除1939年的武器禁運，並允許“現金和攜帶”好戰國家的武器出口。一個強大的國防計劃的開始。一個法案草案獲得通過（1940），以加強各軍種。的租借法“（1941年）總統授權出售，交換，他認為有必要對美國的國防任何國家或出借材料。幫助給予了英國某些超齡驅逐艦交換有權在西半球建立在英國境內的美軍基地。今年八月，1940年，羅斯福總統和丘吉爾首相會見和發出的大西洋憲章“，宣布戰爭結束後，應建立一種世界。在1941年12月，日本發動珍珠港對美國的無端攻擊。德國緊隨其後，宣布對美國的戰爭。

Vocabulary
1. Reich 帝国，尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国
2. atrocity 凶残，残暴
3. belligerent 好战的，交战国的
4. discretion 判断力，自行裁决，谨慎
5. empower 赋予……权力
6. embargo 禁运，封港
7. quarantine 停船检疫，隔离，封锁，使孤立
8. partition 分割，瓜分
9. menace 威胁，危险
10. repeal 废除，取消
11. overage destroyer 旧式驱逐舰
12. unprovoked 无缘无故的，非因触犯而发生的
13. Neutrality Acts 中立法令
14. Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约
15. draft act 征兵法
16. Lend Lease Act 租借法
17. Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约
18. Pearl Harbor 珍珠港

dì sān dì guó de jiàn lì kāi shǐ zài dé guó hé měi guó zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng zuì zhōng de shì jiàn liàn de yǐng xiǎng zài měi guó lì shǐ shàng de shì jiàn 。pò huài mín zhǔ ，duì yóu tài rén de pò hài ，zōng jiào zhàn zhēng ，nà cuì de cán kù hé yě mán de jìng zhēng ，yóu qí shì dé guó hé tā de méng yǒu ，yì dà lì hé rì běn de jì huá ，zhēng fú shì jiè ，zài gāi guó yǐn qǐ jí dà fèn kǎi ，bìng dài lái le lìng yí cì shì jiè dà zhàn de kǒng jù 。suī rán fā yán fǎn duì xī tè lè de bào xíng ，měi guó rén mín de pǔ biàn qīng lài gū lì zhǔ yì zhèng cè hé zhōng lì xìng 。zhōng xìng 1935 nián hé 1936 nián jìn zhǐ rèn hé jiāo zhàn guó huò dài kuǎn gěi tā men de mào yì xíng wéi 。zài 1937 nián zǒng tǒng yǒu quán xuān bù zài guó yǔ guó zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng ，tā de zì yóu cái liàng quán de wǔ qì jìn yùn 。
měi guó yú lùn kāi shǐ hòu ，luó sī fú zǒng tǒng de “jiǎn yì qīn lüè zhě ”de jiǎng huà （1937 nián ） zài zhī jiā gē ，tā yán lì pī píng xī tè lè de zhèng cè yǒu suǒ gǎi biàn 。dé guó duó qǔ ào dì lì hé jié kè sī luò fá kè （1938 nián ） de fēn qū de mù ní hēi xié dìng ，yě yǐn qǐ le měi guó rén mín 。jié kè sī luò fá kè zài 1939 nián 3 yuè zhēng fú le lìng yī gè měng rán xǐng wù dào dì sān dì guó de wēi xié 。zài 1939 nián 8 yuè lái dào nà cuì – sū lián tiáo yuē de chōng jī ，bìng zài jiǔ yuè de gōng jī bō lán hé ōu zhōu zhàn zhēng de bào fā 。měi guó shì tú bǎi zhù duì dì sān dì guó de mín zhǔ guó jiā de tóng qíng ，dàn yào bǎo chí zhōng lì 。zhōng lì fǎ àn ，fèi chú 1939 nián de wǔ qì jìn yùn ，bìng yǔn xǔ “xiàn jīn hé xié dài ”hǎo zhàn guó jiā de wǔ qì chū kǒu 。yī gè qiáng dà de guó fáng jì huá de kāi shǐ 。yī gè fǎ àn cǎo àn huò de tōng guò （1940），yǐ jiā qiáng gè jūn zhǒng 。de zū jiè fǎ “（1941 nián ） zǒng tǒng shòu quán chū shòu ，jiāo huàn ，tā rèn wéi yǒu bì yào duì měi guó de guó fáng rèn hé guó jiā huò chū jiè cái liào 。bāng zhù jǐ yǔ le yīng guó mǒu xiē chāo líng qū zhú jiàn jiāo huàn yǒu quán zài xī bàn qiú jiàn lì zài yīng guó jìng nèi de měi jūn jī dì 。jīn nián bā yuè ，1940 nián ，luó sī fú zǒng tǒng hé qiū jí ěr shǒu xiàng huì jiàn hé fā chū de dà xī yáng xiàn zhāng “，xuān bù zhàn zhēng jié shù hòu ，yìng jiàn lì yī zhǒng shì jiè 。zài 1941 nián 12 yuè ，rì běn fā dòng zhēn zhū gǎng duì měi guó de wú duān gōng jī 。dé guó jǐn suí qí hòu ，xuān bù duì měi guó de zhàn zhēng 。