名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題

名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題:
1、謂語和謂語基本保持單複數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯裡的水很冷)
2、集體名詞(如family, class, team , group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,
① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用複數形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三班有張中國地圖)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用複數。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子裡有隻綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子裡有一些綿羊)
4、maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是複數,因此謂語仍用單數:The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用複數形式,故謂語用複數。如:
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)
6、a lot of 後跟名詞複數時謂語用複數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)
7、 and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用複數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)
8、 there be句型中be的單複數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間裡有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9、用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用複數。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)
10、主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單複數由with之前的人物決定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊)
11、either…or…或者neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語採用就近原則。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那裡) < br>12、表示一段時間或長度概念的複數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離)
13、主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單複數由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted .(這些河流中的水已經被污染了)(被動句)
但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用複數)