Imperial Gardens and Private Gardens 皇家園林和私人園林

Chinese garden can be divided into two categories, the imperial and the private. The former are seen more frequently in northern China, while more of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou , Wuxi and Nanjing. Small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to eye, the streams, bridges, rockeries and pavilion of a private Chinese garden reveal a natural beauty of their own. Most of the bridges of these gardens are of stone, including srtaight,winding and arched bridges. The straight bridge consists of just one stone slab without any decoration, and is usually level with the riverbank or with the river to make the visitors feel as if they are surrounded by water. The winding bridge has low balustrades. The arch bridge can be divided into the single-arch and the multi-arch varieties. Streams in these gardens do not cover a large area, but fit in well with with bridge and islets to yield a uniformed effect. Rocks and rockeries are put together to form sceneries of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form another feature of Chinese gardens. There are water corridors built along a riverside, flower corridors inserted among flowers, willow corridors among rows of willow, and bamboo corridors among rows of bamboo. For visitors, these corridors are good travel guides leading to various views of a big garden.

中國園林可分為御花園和私家花園兩類。前者都見於北方,後者則多見於南方,尤以蘇州、無錫和南京三地為甚。南方私家花園中的溪、橋、山、亭,小巧玲瓏,佈局精明。盡顯其自然美,令人賞心悅目。橋大多數為石橋,有直橋、曲橋和拱橋。直橋其實是一塊不加裝飾的石板,通常與河岸或河水齊高,給人一種臨水的感覺。曲橋設有低欄杆,西湖上的九曲橋就屬於此橋。拱橋可以分為單拱橋和多拱橋兩種。園內的小溪雖然占地不多,卻同小橋與石嶼相得益彰,渾然一體。石頭與假山是中國南方園林的特色。奇形怪狀的石頭常常帶有引人注目的波紋線條和水孔。碩大的石頭可自成一景,而較小的石塊則堆積成假山,為園林增添無比魅力。走廊是中國園林的另一大特色,有河邊的河廊,花叢中的花廊,柳樹叢中的柳廊,竹林中的竹廊。對客人來說,這些走廊可謂是優秀導遊,在一座大花園裏延廊而行,可以觀賞園內的各處景觀。

huáng jiā yuán lín hé sī rén yuán lín

zhōng guó yuán lín kě fèn wéi yù huā yuán hé sī jiā huā yuán liǎng lèi 。qián zhě dōu jiàn yú běi fāng ,hòu zhě zé duō jiàn yú nán fāng ,yóu yǐ sū zhōu 、wú xī hé nán jīng sān dì wéi shèn 。nán fāng sī jiā huā yuán zhōng de xī 、qiáo 、shān 、tíng ,xiǎo qiǎo líng lóng ,bù jú jīng míng 。jìn xiǎn qí zì rán měi ,lìng rén shǎng xīn yuè mù 。qiáo dà duō shù wéi shí qiáo ,yǒu zhí qiáo 、qū qiáo hé gǒng qiáo 。zhí qiáo qí shí shì yī kuài bú jiā zhuāng shì de shí bǎn ,tōng cháng yǔ hé àn huò hé shuǐ qí gāo ,gěi rén yī zhǒng lín shuǐ de gǎn jué 。qū qiáo shè yǒu dī lán gǎn ,xī hú shàng de jiǔ qū qiáo jiù shǔ yú cǐ qiáo 。gǒng qiáo kě yǐ fēn wéi dān gǒng qiáo hé duō gǒng qiáo liǎng zhǒng 。yuán nèi de xiǎo xī suī rán zhàn dì bú duō ,què tóng xiǎo qiáo yǔ shí yǔ xiàng dé yì zhāng ,hún rán yī tǐ 。shí tóu yǔ jiǎ shān shì zhōng guó nán fāng yuán lín de tè sè 。qí xíng guài zhuàng de shí tóu cháng cháng dài yǒu yǐn rén zhù mù de bō wén xiàn tiáo hé shuǐ kǒng 。shuò dà de shí tóu kě zì chéng yī jǐng ,ér jiào xiǎo de shí kuài zé duī jī chéng jiǎ shān ,wèi yuán lín zēng tiān wú bǐ mèi lì 。zǒu láng shì zhōng guó yuán lín de lìng yī dà tè sè ,yǒu hé biān de hé láng ,huā cóng zhōng de huā láng ,liǔ shù cóng zhōng de liǔ láng ,zhú lín zhōng de zhú láng 。duì kè rén lái shuō ,zhè xiē zǒu láng kě wèi shì yōu xiù dǎo yóu ,zài yī zuò dà huā yuán lǐ yán láng ér xíng ,kě yǐ guān shǎng yuán nèi de gè chù jǐng guān 。